The priorities of a state’s chief administrative officer (CAO) are numerous and varied—managing critical state functions; providing services and support to other agencies; driving innovation and change; managing budget constraints; and continuously improving administrative strategies, initiatives, and processes. To help CAOs achieve their missions, the National Association of State Chief Administrators (NASCA) and McKinsey & Company partnered for a second year to produce the Business of Running State Government Operations survey on key issues affecting CAOs today. Survey results are published in three separate papers, which focus on digital government, real estate and facilities, and risk. Unless otherwise cited, the survey is the analytical base for all exhibits in the paper.